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Paul Gauguin
Eugene Henri Paul Gauguin (June 7, 1848 - May 9, 1903) was
a leading Post-Impressionist painter. His bold experimentation with
coloring led directly to the Synthetist style of modern art.
Born in Paris, France, he descended from Spanish settlers in South
America and the viceroy of Peru, and spent his early childhood in
Lima. He was the grandson of Flora Tristan, a founder of modern
feminism. After his education in Orleans, France, Gauguin
spent six years sailing around the world in the merchant marines
and then in the French navy. Upon his return to France in 1870,
he took a job as a broker's assistant. His guardian Gustave Arosa,
a successful businessman and art collector, introduced Gauguin to
Camille Pissarro in 1875.
Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going?
1897, oil on canvas
Boston Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, MA, USAA successful stockbroker
during week-days, Gauguin spent holidays painting with Pissarro
and Cezanne. Although his first efforts were clumsy, he made visible
progress. By 1884 Gauguin had moved with his family to Copenhagen,
where he unsuccessfully pursued a business career. Driven to paint
full-time, he returned to Paris in 1885, leaving his family in Denmark.
Without adequate subsistence, his wife and children returned to
her family.
Like his friend Vincent Van Gogh, with whom he spent nine weeks
painting in Arles, Paul Gauguin experienced bouts of depression
and at one time attempted suicide. Disappointed with Impressionism,
he felt that traditional European painting had become too imitative
and lacked symbolic depth. By contrast, the art of Africa and Asia
seemed to him full of mystic symbolism and vigour.
The Yellow Christ (Le Christ jaune)
1889, oil on canvas. Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Buffalo, NY, USAUnder
the influence of folk art and Japanese prints, Gauguin evolved towards
the manner he called Cloisonnism. In The Yellow Christ (1889), often
cited as a quintessentual Cloisonnist work, image was reduced to
areas of pure colour separated by heavy black outlines. In such
works Gauguin paid little attention to classical perspective and
boldly eliminated subtle gradations of colour — he dispensed
with the two most characteristic principles of post-Renaissance
painting.
In 1891, Gauguin, frustrated by lack of recognition at home and
financially destitute, sailed to the tropics to escape European
civilization and "everything that is artificial and conventional."
He remained first in Tahiti and later in the Marquesas Islands for
most of the rest of his life, returning to France only once. His
works of that period are full of quasi-religious symbolism and an
exoticized view of the inhabitants of Polynesia.
He is buried in Calvary Cemetery (Cimetière Calvaire), Atuona,
Hiva ‘Oa, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia.
We Shall Not Go to the Market Today (Ta Matete)
1892, oil on canvas
Legacy
The vogue for Gauguin's work started soon after his death. Many
of his later paintings were acquired by the Russian collector Sergei
Shchukin. A substantial part of his collection is displayed in the
Pushkin Museum. Gauguin paintings are rarely offered for sale; their
price may be as high as $39.2 million.
In 2003, the Paul Gauguin Cultural Center opened in Atuona in the
Marquesas Islands.
Paul Gauguin's life inspired Somerset Maugham to write The Moon
and Sixpence.
List of paintings
Hail, Mary (Ia Orana Maria) 1891
Tahitian Women (On the Beach) 1891
The Spirit of the Dead Keeps Watch (Manao tupapau)1892The Seine
in Paris between the Pont d'lena and the Pont de Grenelle
(1875)
The Seine at the Pont d'Iena, Snowy Weather (1875)
Apple-Trees in Blossom (1879)
Effect of Snow (1879)
Portrait of Gauguin's Daughter Aline (c.1879-80)
Study of a Nude. Suzanne Sewing (1880)
Aube the Sculptor and His Son (1882)
At the Window (A la fenetre) (1882)
Mandolina and Flowers (1883)
Bouquet (1884)
Cattle Drinking (1885)
Still Life with Mandolin (1885)
Study for the Bathers (1886)
The Four Breton Girls (1886)
Breton Shepherdess (1886)
Washerwomen at Pont-Aven (1886)
At the Pond (1887)
Huts under Trees (1887)
Palm Trees on Martinique (1887)
Head of a Negress (1887)
Madame Alexandre Kohler (c.1887-88)
Still Life with Three Puppies (1888)
Breton Girls Dancing, Pont-Aven (1888)
Breton Girls Dancing (1888)
Madeleine Bernard (1888)
Vision after the Sermon; Jacob Wrestling with the Angel (1888)
Night Cafe at Arles (1888)
Van Gogh Painting Sunflowers (1888)
Women from Arles in the Public Garden, the Mistral (1888)
Hay-Making in Brittany (1888)
Bouquet of Flowers with a Window Open to the Sea (Reverse of Hay-Making
in Brittany) (1888)
The Alyscamps (1888)
Harvesting of Grapes at Arles (Miseres humaines) (1888)
Fruits (1888)
Ceramic Vase with a Caricature Self-Portrait (1889)
Bonjour, Monsieur Gauguin (1889)
Still Life with Fan (1889)
The Schuffenecker Family (1889)
The Yellow Christ (1889)
Caricature Self-Portrait (1889)
Self-Portrait with Yellow Christ (1889)
Ondine (1889)
Yellow Hay Ricks (Fair Harvest) (1889)
Nirvana, Portrait of Meyer de Haan (1889)
La Belle Angele (Portrait of Madame Satre) (1889)
Be in Love and You Will Be Happy (1889)
Eve. Don't Listen to the Liar (1889)
The Yellow Christ (Le Christ jaune) (1889)
Study for La perte de Pucelage (The Loss of Virginity) (c.1890-91)
Mimi and Her Cat (1890)
Portrait of a Woman with Cezanne Still-Life (1890)
Haystacks in Brittany (1890)
Landscape (1890)
Ia Orana Maria (Hail, Mary) (1891)
Vahine no te tiare (Woman with a Flower) (1891)
Te Faaturuma (Brooding Woman) (1891)
Les Parau Parau (Conversation) (1891)
The Meal (The Bananas) (1891)
Tahitian Women (on the Beach) (1891)
The Fisherwomen of Tahiti (1891)
Black Pigs (1891)
Self-Portrait (1891)
Self-portrait (1891)
Head of a Woman (c.1891-92)
Vairaumati tei oa (Her Name is Vairaumati) (1892)
Manao tupapau (The Spirit of the Dead Keeps Watch) (1892)
Aha oe feii? (Are You Jealous?) (1892)
Fatata te miti (Near the Sea) (1892)
Musique barbare (c.1891-93)
Parau Api (What's New?) (1892)
Vahine no te vi (Woman with a Mango) (1892)
Ta Matete (We Shall Not Go to the Market Today) (1892)
Piti Teina. (Two Sisters) (1892)
Taperaa Mahana (1892)
Joyeusete (Arearea) (1892)
Tahitian Eve (c.1892)
Words of the Devil (c.1892)
Nafea Faa ipoipo? (When Will You Marry?) (1892)
Study for "When Will You Marry?" (c.1892)
Fatata te moua (At the Foot of a Mountain) (1892)
Self-Portrait (c.1890s)
Matamoe (Landscape with Peacocks) (1892)
Parau na te varua ino (Words of the devil) (1892)
Merahi metua no Tehamana (Ancestors of Tehamana) (1893)
Aita Tamari vahina Judith te Parari (Annah the Javanese) (1893)
Te Tiare Farani (Bouquet of Flowers) (1893)
Pastorales Tahitiennes (1893)
Eu haere ia oe (Woman Holding a Fruit) (1893)
Tahitian Landscape (1893)
The Messengers of Oro. Illustration for 'L'Ancien culte mahorie',
leaf 24 (1893)
Pape Moe (Mysterious Water) (1893)
Self-Portrait (c.1893-94)
Portrait of William Molard. Reverse of Self-Portrait (c.1893-94)
Floral and Vegetal Motifs (1893)
Tahitian Woman in a Landscape (1893)
Breton Landscape (The "Moulin David") (1894)
Breton Village in Snow (1894)
Portrait of Mother (1894)
Siesta (1894)
Two Breton Women on the Road (1894)
Head of Young Breton Peasant Woman (c.1894)
The Cellist (Portrait of Upaupa Scheklud) (1894)
Mahana no atua (Day of God) (c.1894)
Nave Nave Moe (Sacred Spring) (1894)
Ceramic vase with Tahitian Gods - Hina and Tefatou (c.1894-95)
Vairumati (1896)
Te arii vahine (The King's Wife) (1896)
Self-Portrait (1896)
No te aha oe riri? (Why Are You Angry? (1896)
Eiaha Ohipa (Not Working) (1896)
Still Life with Mangoes (1896)
Scenes from Tahitian Life (1896)
Bouquet of Flowers (1896)
Te Arii Vahine (Queen) (1896)
Self-Portrait (1896)
Te Vaa (The Canoe) (1896)
Te Tamari No Atua (Nativity) (1896)
Baby (The Nativity) (1896)
Tarari maruru (Landscape with Two Goats) (1897)
Man Picking Fruit from a Tree (1897)
Nevermore, O Taiti (1897)
D'ou venons nous? Que sommes-nous? Ou allons-nous?
(Where Do We come from? What Are We? Where Are We Going?) (1897)
The White Horse (1898)
Rave te hiti aamy (The Idol) (1898)
Te Pape Nave Nave (Delectable Waters) (1898)
Horse on Road. Tahitian Landscape (1899)
Motherhood (Women on the Shore) (1899)
Te avae no Maria (Month of Maria) (1899)
Three Tahitian Women Against a Yellow Background (1899)
The Great Buddha (1899)
Two Tahitian Women with Mango Blossoms (1899)
Three Tahitians (1899)
Tahitian Woman (c.1900)
Ford (Running Away) (1901)
Sunflowers (1901)
Tahitian Idyll (1901)
And the Gold of Their Bodies (Et l'or de leurs corps) (1901)
The Call (1902)
Girl with a Fan (1902)
Horsemen on the Beach (1902)
Barbarous Tales (1902)
Adam and Eve (1902)
Still Life with Parrots (1902)
Mother and Daughter (1902)
Haere Mai (date unknown)
In the Vanilla Grove, Man and Horse (date unknown)
The paintings are the excellent portrayal of the events and scenes
that we see around us. The painters are the best cameras of the
world. They reproduce many different types of pictures. They even
draw imaginary pictures that do not exist in this world. We tend
to use both thinned oil paints and dense oil paints. Masterpieces
can be dyed more than once, but each time it may be different from
the existing paintings.h
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