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Villard de Honnecourt
The surviving portfolio of drawings (ca 1230s?) by Villard de
Honnecourt, possibly a 13th century itinerant master-builder of
Picardy in northern France, is in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris
(MS Fr 19093). It appears to be a model-book, with a wide range
of religious and secular figures suitable for sculpture, and architectural
plans, elevations and details, ecclesiastical objects and mechanical
devices, with copious annotations.
In many respects, the work of Villard de Honnecourt, such as "Constructions",
"The Wheel of Fortune", and most particularly his "Lion
and Porcupine" (all c. 1235) represent a tentative move from
the universal to the particular, a conceptual breakthrough of sorts.
The paintings are the excellent portrayal of the events and scenes
that we see around us. The painters are the best cameras of the
world. They reproduce many different types of pictures. They even
draw imaginary pictures that do not exist in this world. We tend
to use both thinned oil paints and dense oil paints. Masterpieces
can be dyed more than once, but each time it may be different from
the existing paintings.h
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