New materials
In the 20th Century all sorts of non-traditional and non-art materials
were introduced into painting and sculpture.
Picasso and Braque incorporated paper collage and mixed drawing
(materials) with paint. In the 1960s Rauschenberg included 3-D elements
like tires and stuffed animals as well as using discarded materials
like crushed or flattened cardboard boxes. Dan Flavin used electric
fluorescent lights and ballasts to create sculpture. John Chamberlin
used crushed auto parts for sculpture. Frank Stella introduced honeycombed
aluminum and glitter.
Others have tried mud, tar, soils and
even blood with varying degrees of success.
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